A computer graphics based approach is being developed as an aid for orthopedic surgeons to learn engineering mechanic. As an application of this approach, a planar mathematical model of the human knee is used for analyzing the mechanics of the joint after replacement with artificial implants. Graphic representation is used for the bones, prosthetic components, fibers of ligaments and the lines of various forces. Using computer programming, motion and force data is generated for a large number of joint positions, which is then utilized to simulate the knee mechanics during flexion/extension. The simulations show very clearly during motion the bones relocating in relation to each other, different fibers of the ligaments becoming straight or slack and the muscle and ligament forces changing their direction and position. The simulations can also be used for analyzing the effects on joint mechanics of changing the implant design or of surgical errors. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.

Ahmed Imran

Department of Biomedical Engineering

College of Engineering and Information Technology

Modeling and simulation

Graphics based model

Knee mechanics 

Fulltext

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Ajman University

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Artificial human knee with partial prosthetic replacement was modelled in the sagittal plane in order to analyze the role of anterior cruciate ligament in an unconstrained artificial knee. The cruciate and collateral ligaments were modelled as non-linear elastic fibers that …

Science and Information Conference

Computer Graphics-Based Analysis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament in a Partially Replaced Knee

Injuries of anterior cruciate ligament of the knee are common, particularly in young athletes. Though surgical reconstruction of the ligament attempts to restore the joint function, a significant percentage of the patients report unsatisfactory outcome and joint complications …

Intelligent Computing-Proceedings of the Computing …

Computer Graphics Based Analysis of Loading Patterns in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament of the Human Knee

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume

A radiographic study of bearing movement in unicompartmental Oxford knee replacements

Injuries of the cruciate ligaments of the knee, particularly the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), is a common problem in young athletes. Therefore, identification of high-risk factors that lead to injury of the knee ligaments is required to avoid loading or protecting the ligaments from injury or during rehabilitation. In the present study, mechanics of the knee was analyzed for the influence of external flexing load positions on loading of the cruciate ligaments in the sagittal plane during 0° to 120° flexion. Experimental data was taken from literature. Mechanical equilibrium of the tibia was considered due to four types of forces, namely, a force in the patellar tendon, a ligament force, a tibio-femoral joint contact force, and an external flexing load applied distally on the tibia. The analysis suggests that during the muscle exercise at the knee, loading of the cruciate ligaments depends on flexion angle as well as on the position of external load on the tibia. Far distal placements of flexing loads on the tibia can stretch the ACL significantly at low flexion angles. The PCL is stretched during mid-to-high flexion range for all positions of the external flexing loads on the tibia. However, during the mid-flexion range, the effects of placement are modest. Therefore, rehabilitation exercises requiring protection of the ligaments need to pay attention to the position of external flexing load on the tibia as well as flexion angle at which the exercise is performed. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.

Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics

Influence of flexing load position on the loading of cruciate ligaments at the knee—a graphics-based analysis

Modelling and simulation in orthopedic biomechanics involves the use of computational methods to study mechanics of load-bearing structures of the human musculoskeletal system. Such joints as the hip, knee, ankle, elbow and shoulder provide us mobility with stability during various activities. Changes in the internal configurations of a joint due to an abnormality, injury or surgical intervention, can affect the ability of a person to perform common activities. The internal structures, like ligaments, tendons and bones are not readily amenable to direct observation or measurement. Also, certain effects are difficult to analyze using experiment, for example, the influence of surgical techniques on the resulting joint mechanics. Modeling and simulation using computational methods, therefore, provides an opportunity to gain insight into the behavior of the joints and to predict effects due to a variety of internal joint configurations which are otherwise difficult, cost prohibitive, unethical or impossible to implement using the available experimental techniques. However, sensitivity analysis, relevant validation and an understanding of limitations is important in order to have practical significance. This paper discusses various approaches, applications and limitations of computational methods used to study the mechanics of human joints. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.

Modelling and simulation in orthopedic biomechanics—applications and limitations

Passive knee laxity is an important clinical measure to assess function after joint replacement. Clinical observations suggest that the use of minimally invasive surgical techniques in knee arthroplasty may affect the surgeon's ability to orient and position the prosthetic components accurately. Further, recent studies suggest that malplaced prosthetic components in ligament retaining unconstrained unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) can affect the ligament forces and, hence, the knee laxity. In the present study, a sagittal plane mathematical model of the knee with intact ligaments and unconstrained prosthetic components is used to analyze antero-posterior (AP) knee laxity during passive flexion at different force levels. Also, the effects of errors in component placement are evaluated. The model calculations show a reasonable agreement with the experimental observations reported in literature. The results show that the AP laxity during 0°120° flexion first increases from 0° to about 30°, remains nearly constant for another 10° and then decreases somewhat linearly for higher flexion angles. Some errors in the placement of femoral component of the order of 1 mm can affect the knee laxity by nearly 3 mm in some flexion positions. The analysis has clinical relevance and suggests that the UKA requires close attention to component placement. © World Scientific Publishing Company.

Journal	Data powered by TypesetAdvances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetSpringer
ISSN	21945357
Open Access	No