WBAN Sensing Synergy Protocol for IoMT: An Optimized Framework Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Bandwidth for Scalable Healthcare Monitoring

This research presents the development and validation of the energy efficient clustering protocol, specifically designed for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) within the broader framework of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) referred to as WSP-IoMT. WSP-IoMT was developed to enhance WBANs efficiency by reducing energy consumption, optimizing bandwidth usage, and ensuring reliable data transmission. Following the protocol's design, a custom IoMT-WBANs node was developed, incorporating Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) sensors, Zigbee communication, and a PIC16F688 microcontroller to detect human presence through infrared radiation. The node transmits real-time data wirelessly to a Telegesis terminal, which serves as the central monitoring hub, enabling real-time analysis. Additionally, data is sent to Thingsboard cloud platform, facilitating remote access and comprehensive monitoring Extensive validation confirmed seamless integration within the IoMT framework, delivering continuous and accurate healthcare monitoring while significantly reducing the need for direct human interaction. Performance evaluations demonstrate the enhanced efficiency of WSP-IoMT compared to conventional protocols, with simulations indicating up to 90% greater effectiveness in maintaining node activity, optimizing energy use, and enhancing data throughput. Real-world testing via the Telegesis terminal further validated the system’s capability to reliably detect human presence and transmit data in real time, demonstrating the WBASN node’s seamless integration into IoMT ecosystems. This work provides an advanced, energy-efficient framework for remote healthcare monitoring, offering scalable and reliable solutions for future healthcare needs, particularly in scenarios requiring minimal contact, such as during pandemics.