Transient natural convection heat transfer in nanoliquid-saturated porous oblique cavity using thermal non-equilibrium model

The problem of transient natural convection heat transfer in a nanoliquid-saturated porous oblique cavity is studied numerically using the finite difference method. The hot left wall of the cavity is maintained at a constant temperature and so is the cold right wall. The horizontal walls allow no heat transfer to the surrounding. The Darcy law is used along with the Boussinesq approximation for the flow. The heat transfer equations are those of a two-phase medium, one for the nanoliquid and another for the porous medium. Water-based nanoliquids with Ag or Cu or Al₂O₃ or TiO₂ nanoparticles are chosen for investigation. The governing parameters of this study are the Rayleigh number (10²≤Ra≤¹⁰⁴), modified conductivity ratio (0.1≤γ≤1000), inter-phase heat transfer (0.1≤H≤1000), inclination angle of the sloping walls (-π3≤ω≤π3), volume fraction of nanoparticles (0≤φ≤0.2) and dimensionless time (0≤τ≤0.1). The assumption of local thermal non-equilibrium leads to an enhanced heat transfer situation in nanoliquids saturating a porous medium compared to that in a porous medium with local thermal equilibrium. Explanation for the observed influences of various parameters on streamlines, isotherms and weighted average Nusselt number is given in terms of thermophysical properties of four nanoparticles, water and porous medium. It is shown that the strength of the flow circulation increases for the relative concentration of nanoliquid with the increment of the inclination angle to the positive direction.