Thermal stratified three-dimensional flow with inclined magnetic field and Joule heating

The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of inclined magnetic field in three-dimensional boundary layer flow by an unsteady exponentially stretched surface embedded in thermally stratified medium. Variable temperature is considered at a surface. Fluid is electrically conducting in the presence of an inclined magnetic field. Effects of viscous dissipation and Joule heating are also present. The governing boundary layer equations are first converted into dimensionless forms using appropriate transformations. Series solutions are obtained. Impact of physical parameters, including unsteadiness parameter, ratio parameter, magnetic parameter, angle of inclination, stratification parameter, Prandtl number, and Eckert number on the velocity and temperature, is graphically analyzed. A comparative study with the existing results is made. Numerical values of skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are calculated and analyzed carefully.