Thermal conductivity analysis for peristalsis of hybrid nanofluid with Darcy–Forchheimer law

Nanofluids have already demonstrated significant potential in the thermal expansion of numerous manufacturing industries and have been widely used in energy technologies in recent years. Therefore, peristalsis of hybrid nanomaterial is addressed. Hybrid nanomaterial consists of ferrous oxide (Fe₃O₄) and gold (Au) nanoparticles immersed in water (H₂O). Impact of Joule heating is also accounted. Further, Darcy–Forchheimer law is used to elaborate the nonlinear characteristics of porosity. Thermal and velocity slip conditions are imposed at channel walls. Dimensionless forms of system of equations and boundary constraints are simplified via long wavelength approximations. NDSolve technique is implemented for the solutions of differential system subject to the relevant boundary constraints. Graphs are plotted to examine temperature, pressure gradient and velocity.