The role of digital technology and environmental sustainability in circular supply chains based on the fuzzy TOPSIS model

A number of technological advancements can facilitate the transition to a sustainable circular supply chain structure. When selecting the optimal digital tool, it is important to assess the readiness and efficacy of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This research looks at how well-known digital technologies like cloud manufacturing (CM), big data analytics (BDA), cyber-physical systems (CPS), and the internet of things (IoT) connect to the infrastructure of sustainable circular supply chain operations inside SMEs. Surveys were used to find out what the employees wanted in terms of revenue, innovation, environmental responsibility, and efficiency gains in sustainable circular supply chain management. Principal component analysis, separated these responses into four groups. The order performance by similarity to the ideal solution fuzzy technique, which is especially useful when uncertainties affect supply chain operations, was used to evaluate these technologies as trustworthy management tools. The findings showcase the technologies' sequential ranking (CPS > IoT > CM > BDA), as well as their impact on supply chain features post-installation and cyclical advantages. These benefits and attributes serve to evaluate the influence of these technological advancements on a circular economy. The research also discusses the influence of external factors on the selection process, including the enterprise's external orientation and internal structure.