The role of γAl ₂ O ₃ −H ₂ O and γAl ₂ O ₃ −C ₂ H ₆ O ₂ nanomaterials in Darcy-Forchheimer stagnation point flow: An analysis using entropy optimization

Nanomaterials belong to a new class of materials with increased thermo-physical characteristics and heat transport performance. A comprehensive spectrum of applications in science and mechanical engineering could possibly help from them. Therefore keeping such effectiveness in mind we pointed to explore the characteristics of nanomaterial in non-Darcy mixed convective flow of viscous nanofluid through effective and without effective Prandtl number towards a stretched surface. Through implementation of second thermodynamics law total entropy rate is obtained. Stagnation point flow is pointed out. Shooting technique is implemented to tackle the nonlinear equations for numerical results. The variations in entropy generation, velocity, Bejan number and temperature fields for different estimations of flow parameters like mixed convection parameter (0.0–0.4), inverse Darcy number (0.0–0.4), Inertia parameter (1.0–5.8), velocity ratio parameter (0.0–0.4) and nanoparticle volume fraction (0.00–0.8) are discussed and the results are graphically presented. Skin friction and Nusselt number of considered flow are discussed via graphically sketch. Moreover, it is examined that velocity of fluid particles increases for both effective and without effective Prandtl number with rising estimations of nanoparticles volume fractions. It is also examined that entropy rate shows dual behavior verses nanoparticles volume fraction. Entropy rate enhances in case of effective Prandtl number, while decays in case without effective Prandtl number.