The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult patients with chronic kidney disease: an overlooked problem in Sudan

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are two global public health problems. High waist circumference, high caloric nutrition, and sedentary lifestyle are known risk factors for CKD and MetS. CKD increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal disease. This work aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS and associated risk factors in adult Sudanese patients with CKD. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study enrolled 100 patients attending Ibn Sina specialized hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. A Comprehensive structured closed-ended questionnaire was applied. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Two readings of blood pressure (BP) were obtained. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting for the measurement of fasting blood glucose (FBG), High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride (TG). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The prevalence of MetS was 19%. Fifty-three percent of the patients aged more than 55 years and 56% were females. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of the patients was 60-89 mL/min in 24% of the patients. A significant association was found between MetS and high BP, high FBG, and high TG level. Conclusions: The prevalence of MetS in patients with CKD was 19%. The main risk factors for MetS were hypertension, high FBG, and hypertriglyceridemia.