The Impact of Ramadan Fasting on Endothelial Function, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Disease

Endothelial dysfunction, marked by reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, is a known factor in cardiovascular disorders. Prior studies have shown that dietary changes affect endothelial function and alter risk factors. Research studies have examined the possible impacts of Ramadan fasting on endothelial dysfunction. This narrative review aimed to assess the impacts of Ramadan fasting on endothelial function. We conducted a search of the PubMed and SCOPUS databases with various search terms. The review focused on research papers published in English language from 2000 to 2024. This review included sixty-six studies. Ramadan fasting elevated the levels and bioavailability of nitric oxide and improved some indicators of endothelial dysfunction. Ramadan fasting may enhance endothelial dysfunction and modify its risk factors, by promoting weight reduction and improving insulin resistance. Moreover, Ramadan fasting induced alterations in the structure, composition, abundance, and overexpression of gut microbiota. Further research is necessary to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and importance of Ramadan fasting on endothelial function and cardiovascular health.