Synthesis, structural, optical, dielectric properties, gamma radiation attenuation, and antimicrobial activity of V-doped hydroxyapatite nanorods

The nanoscale hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a significant material applied for bone tissue engineering in the human body. This study focuses on the impact of vanadium addition on nano-sized HAp synthesized by sol-gel/hydrothermal technique and microwave device. The as-prepared nanocomposites were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. The calculated crystallite size of the pure and V-HAp ranged from 15.73 nm to 20.77 nm, as supported by the XRD technique. The surface morphology of V-HAp samples is nanorods. Furthermore, the diffused reflectance helps to obtain the absorption spectra and the bandgap of the investigated samples. The dielectric constant and AC electrical conductivity are varied with the applied frequency and recorded at room temperature for HAp and different V-concentrations HAps. The gamma ray's absorption was also studied to consider the gamma attenuation of the tested samples using Cs-137 and Am-241 radioactive sources. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanopowders was considered against pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria (P aeruginosa and Klebseilla sp), Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus sp and Bacillus subtilis), and yeast pathogen (Candida albicans). Therefore, vanadium-doped HAp nanostructured can be used as a multifunctional material vis microbial inhibitory and gamma radiation shielding materials.