Synthesis of layered titanate nanowires at low temperature and their application in efficient removal of U(VI)

Uranium(VI) has become one of the most potential contaminants due to its productive and irreversibility impact on the surrounding environment. Titanate nanowires (TNWs) have attracted significant attention because of its high ion exchange ability and facile synthesis. Herein the TNWs were synthesized, and the morphology and structure of TNWs were investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in detail. The application of TNWs in U(VI) removal was studied under various environmental conditions using batch technique, and the results indicated that the sorption of U(VI) on TNWs was strongly affected by pH and weakly affected by ionic strength. The presence of PO₄ ^3- and CO₃ ^2- could overwhelmingly influence U(VI) interaction with TNWs, which was mainly attributed to the formation of anionic and electro-neutral complexes. From the Langmuir model simulation, the maximum sorption capacities were calculated to be 358, 384, and 410 mg g⁻¹ at the temperatures of 298 K, 313 K and 328 K, respectively. The thermodynamic results revealed that the interaction process was spontaneous and endothermic. The extraordinary ion exchange capacity and facile synthesis under mild conditions made TNWs promising materials for the potential application in the efficient elimination of U(VI) or other lanthanides and actinides from aqueous solutions in the environmental radioactive pollution cleanup.