Sustainable indoor air quality solutions: evaluating charcoal-based adsorbent materials in construction

Purpose – This study introduces an innovative adsorption support material incorporating hardwood charcoal powder to significantly improve indoor air quality (IAQ) in construction environments. The research addresses a critical issue whereby conventional floor protection materials trap volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde, leading to the accumulation of pollutants and subsequent concentrated release, which poses health risks to occupants. Design/methodology/approach – Controlled studio unit experiments were conducted to rigorously evaluate and compare the pollutant adsorption efficiency of the proposed charcoal-enhanced material with conventional protective materials. Pollutant concentrations and surface emissions were meticulously measured and analyzed before, during and after the application and removal of the materials to provide comprehensive data. Findings – Compared to conventional materials, the charcoal-based adsorption material significantly reduced airborne formaldehyde and toluene concentrations immediately after removal. However, analytical observations revealed varying adsorption efficiencies for other VOCs and identified increased surface emissions after removal. This highlighted a critical insight – the need for further material optimization to prevent the re-release of temporary pollutants in a sustainable manner. Practical implications – Integrating charcoal-based adsorption support materials into construction practices can improve IAQ and provide essential physical protection for flooring materials. The research outcomes benefit construction industry stakeholders, including architects, construction managers, policymakers, building occupants and environmental health practitioners, by promoting healthier, safer indoor environments through practical, sustainable material solutions. Originality/value – This research uniquely demonstrates the dual functionality of charcoal-enhanced protective materials, merging physical floor protection with active pollutant adsorption. By explicitly addressing the limitations of traditional protective materials, this study contributes to advancing sustainable construction practices and enriches current literature with critical insights into IAQ management during construction phases.