Surface modification techniques of dental implants

Dental implant surface modification has been developed over the years on both commercial and research levels. Various surface modifications have been incorporated into the commercially available titanium implants, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), zirconia, and silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) with proven clinical success. These surface adjustments have supported the success rate of the implant therapy in different challenging clinical situation and reduced the expected treatment time. The future of dental implant will rely on improvement of more efficient, advanced, and standardized clinical and laboratory research methodology with well-designed multicenter clinical trials to develop a solid evidence for standardized surface treatment. The increasingly active research on implant material surface improvement allows us to expect development of a smart tailored implant surfaces that can optimize the different adjacent interfaces within few years.