Study of Thermodynamic Properties of K₀ ^s , Λ, Ξ−, and d/d¯ Produced in Symmetric Proton–Proton Collisions at √sNN = 0.9 TeV and 7 TeV

We study the thermodynamic properties produced in symmetric p–p collisions at (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.), based on experimental data by the ALICE collaboration at CERN. Particularly, we analyze the initial temperature (Formula presented.), effective temperature T, freeze-out temperature (Formula presented.), chemical potential (Formula presented.), mean transverse momentum (Formula presented.), freeze-out volume V, and transverse flow velocity (Formula presented.) of different hadrons such as (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), and (Formula presented.). To effectively use the transverse momentum (Formula presented.) distributions of these hadrons, and to extract the thermodynamic parameters, the Single-Slope Standard Distribution with and without the chemical potential (Formula presented.), the Double-Slope Standard Distribution, and the modified Standard Distribution Functions are applied separately to fit the experimental data. The Modified Standard Distribution Function provides the most accurate description of the ALICE experimental data as compared to the Single-Slope (with and without (Formula presented.)) and Double-Slope Standard Distribution Function. We have investigated the correlation between the extracted thermodynamic parameters and the measurements of mass and energy of particles of the collision, and we observed that the increase in (Formula presented.) is positively correlated with (Formula presented.), T, (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), V, and negatively correlated with (Formula presented.). The comparison of p–p collisions with heavy-ion collisions (Au–Au collisions) suggests the possibility of collective-like dynamics even in small systems, which supports the hypothesis of thermalization and partial de-confinement in high-energy p–p collisions, indicating a transition towards a quark-gluon plasma (QGP)-like medium.