Sensor Design for Multimodal Environmental Monitoring

This chapter discusses the key environmental sensing variables and associated sensor node designs to effectively tackle this pressing issue by taking deforestation as a case study. A list of three major operations to monitor and preserve forests – unauthorized tree cutting, fire, and tree health – has been identified. The chapter proposes a key list of sensors and other electronic components. It outlines a comprehensive system architecture by identifying key elements, their interfaces, energy requirements, coverage, and deployment issues. Wireless sensor networks offer the power and capability for real-time monitoring and intervention to environmental degradation. A complex task is being dealt with by adopting a three-stage approach to study various verticals of the required sensing system. In stage 1, a thorough list of user requirements has been identified. In stage 2, an end-to-end system architecture is established. In stage 3, a detailed analysis of system implementation based on key performance indicators is discussed.