Root canal treatment versus single-tooth implant

The criteria and indications for choosing either root canal treatment (RCT) or a single-tooth implant (STI) are debatable and may vary from one patient to the other. In general, the preference of choosing a treatment plan is dependent on various factors including clinical considerations, experience, and opinion of the operator. In either case, the purpose of treatment is the same; restoring the esthetic, functional components and quality of patients- life. Both endodontic treatment and single-tooth implant therapy showed a promising outcome with a similar success rate. The implant restorations need comparatively more postoperative intervention compared to the endodontically treated teeth. A tooth with questionable prognosis for endodontic treatment may have a higher risk of failure and can be treated by endodontics; however, may not be utilized in case of long-span fixed bridges. Therefore, every case should be assessed carefully considering individual variations, patient-s history, and radiographic and clinical examination. This chapter aims to demonstrate a systematic procedure and criteria associated with decision making regarding endodontics and implants treatment alternatives, based on currently available pieces of evidence.