TY - JOUR
T1 - Role of cold atmospheric plasma alone or combined with conventional surface treatments on shear bond strength of 3Y-TZP and 5YSZ ceramics bonded to dentin
AU - Alnazzawi, Ahmad Abdulkareem
AU - Aldamaty, Mohamed F.
AU - AbdElaziz, Mohammed H.
AU - Alqutaibi, Ahmed Yaseen
AU - Farghal, Ahmed E.
AU - Almarashi, Jamal Qernas
AU - Mohamed, Abdel Aleam H.
AU - Zafar, Muhammad Sohail
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2026 The Author(s). Published by MJS Publishing on behalf of Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, with the condition of proper attribution to the original work.
PY - 2026/1
Y1 - 2026/1
N2 - This study evaluated the impact of different surface treatments – cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), airborne particle abrasion (APA), hydrofluoric acid (HF), and their combinations – on the bond strength of two zirconia types (3Y-TZP, 5YSZ) to dentin using self-adhesive resin cement, with or without primer. Two hundred zirconia and dentin specimens underwent surface treatment, cementation, thermocyclic aging, and shear bond strength (SBS) testing. Results showed APA and CAP significantly enhanced SBS (P < 0.001), while HF had no effect. Combined treatments (APA+CAP, CAP+HF) slightly reduced SBS. Primer application improved SBS across all groups. APA or CAP with a 10-MDP primer achieved the highest SBS values. CAP is a viable alternative to APA, though APA remains cost effective. HF is not recommended for surface treatment of zirconia. CAP exhibited a slightly higher, yet statistically comparable, SBS between zirconia and dentin when compared with APA. Nonetheless, APA may still represent the simplest and most cost-effective technique available to date. The combination of APA and CAP might not be recommended, as it showed a slight reduction in SBS of the tested specimens and inefficiency in terms of time and energy. Hydrofluoric acid showed no impact on SBS when combined with CAP. Both 3Y-TZP and 5YSZ can provide adequate clinical bond strength with the proper surface treatment and adhesive protocol.
AB - This study evaluated the impact of different surface treatments – cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), airborne particle abrasion (APA), hydrofluoric acid (HF), and their combinations – on the bond strength of two zirconia types (3Y-TZP, 5YSZ) to dentin using self-adhesive resin cement, with or without primer. Two hundred zirconia and dentin specimens underwent surface treatment, cementation, thermocyclic aging, and shear bond strength (SBS) testing. Results showed APA and CAP significantly enhanced SBS (P < 0.001), while HF had no effect. Combined treatments (APA+CAP, CAP+HF) slightly reduced SBS. Primer application improved SBS across all groups. APA or CAP with a 10-MDP primer achieved the highest SBS values. CAP is a viable alternative to APA, though APA remains cost effective. HF is not recommended for surface treatment of zirconia. CAP exhibited a slightly higher, yet statistically comparable, SBS between zirconia and dentin when compared with APA. Nonetheless, APA may still represent the simplest and most cost-effective technique available to date. The combination of APA and CAP might not be recommended, as it showed a slight reduction in SBS of the tested specimens and inefficiency in terms of time and energy. Hydrofluoric acid showed no impact on SBS when combined with CAP. Both 3Y-TZP and 5YSZ can provide adequate clinical bond strength with the proper surface treatment and adhesive protocol.
KW - Adhesive performance
KW - nonthermal plasma
KW - resin–dentin adhesion
KW - translucent zirconia
KW - yttria-stabilized zirconia
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105042191208
U2 - 10.2340/biid.v13.45563
DO - 10.2340/biid.v13.45563
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105042191208
SN - 2641-5275
VL - 13
SP - 358
EP - 367
JO - Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry
JF - Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry
ER -