Protective effects of Cocos nucifera oil in paraphenylene diamine toxicity

Background: Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is a highly toxic compound used for hair-dyeing worldwide. PPD self-poisoning had significantly increased in recent times with increased mortality rates. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the toxic effects of PPD and the protective potential of its prospective antidote Virgin Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera). Methods: PPD was identified and validated by FT-IR and UV mass spectrometer. PPD toxicity was induced in-vivo by single intraperitoneal injection (40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg). Single-injection of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) was administered in the presence of PPD at doses of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg. Blood was analyzed for renal, hepatic and cardiac biomarkers. Relevant organs were collected, weighed and preserved for histopathological examination. Statistical analysis was carried out to note mortality rate, survival duration and serum biochemical parameter. Molecular docking studies were performed to assess attachment of PPD with histaminergic receptors. Results: PPD injection achieved 100% mortality rate with short survival span, and disturbed hepatic, renal, and cardiac serum markers with marked histopathological changes. VCO notably decreased mortality rate, raised treatment time window with marked adjustment in hepatic, renal, and cardiac markers. Docking studies proved that PPD attaches robustly with histaminergic receptors. Conclusion: The study concludes that VCO possesses lifesaving protection against PPD toxicity and can be a suitable antidote.