Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and oxidative stress

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects about 10% of women of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Despite extensive research, its etiology remains uncertain with genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors implicated. This review explores the relationship between PCOS and oxidative stress (OS), focusing on molecular pathways and their effects on reproductive physiology. OS arises from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the intricate endogenous antioxidant defenses, causing cellular damage. Recent studies show heightened oxidative conditions in PCOS women, potentially exacerbating hormonal imbalances, inflammation, and insulin resistance. The elevated ROS generation, combined with diminished antioxidant defense in PCOS patients, links to compromised oocyte health, abnormal follicle growth, and endometrial issues. Interventions such as antioxidant supplementation and lifestyle alterations show promise in re-establishing oxidative balance, improving symptoms, and improving fertility. This review consolidates contemporary insights into the crosstalk between PCOS and OS, emphasizing prospective treatment pathways and the importance of further explorations to elucidate this intricate interconnection.