Pectolinarigenin and its derivatives: Bridging the gap between chemical properties and pharmacological applications

Introduction: Pectolinarigenin (PG), derived from the Chinese herb Chromolaena odorata exhibits diverse biological activities, including apoptosis induction (cytotoxicity), anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and antitumour effects. PG and its derivatives are present in edible plants like Cirsium japonicum DC, Cirsium chanroenicum Nakai, Cirsium setidens (Dunn) Nakai and Clerodendrum volubile. Methodology: A literature search on PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Springer, and Elsevier using the term "Pectolinarigenin" was conducted. This review analysed studies on PG's physiochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological action, and derivatives. Results: PG, isolated or synthesised from flavonoids, exhibit diverse pharmacological characteristics, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hyperlipidaemia, immunomodulatory, melanogenesis, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective properties. Discussion: Evidence suggests that PG holds significant potential in formulating drugs and supplements for preventing and treating conditions such as cancer, inflammation, diabetes, and various brain-related illnesses.