Particle species and energy dependencies of freeze-out parameters in high-energy proton–proton collisions

We used blast wave model with Tsallis statistics to analyze the experimental data measured by ALICE Collaboration in proton–proton collisions at Large Hadron Collider and extracted the related parameters (kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freeze-out volume of emission source) from transverse momentum spectra of the particles. We found that the kinetic freeze-out temperature and kinetic freeze-out volume are mass dependent. The former increase while the latter decrease with the particle mass which is the evidence of a mass as well as volume differential kinetic freeze-out scenario. Furthermore, we extracted the mean transverse momentum and initial temperature by an indirect method and observed that they increase with mass of the particles. All the above discussed parameters are observed to increase with energy. Triton (t), hyper-triton (Λ¯3H) and helion (³He) and their anti-matter are observed to freeze out at the same time due to isospin symmetry.