Oral and dental delivery of fluoride: A review

The fluoride ion (F) is the ionic form of the element fluorine, one of the halogen group of elements, and one of the most abundant elements found in nature. F is unique in the halogen group in terms of its affinity towards mineralized tissues and is known as a seeker of mineralized tissues. A beneficial role for topical F in the treatment of dental caries is widely accepted by many dental professionals and researchers. Initially, it was thought that F was beneficial when given systemically during tooth development but later research has shown that the topical effects are more important. Various topical delivery methods for F have been developed and this review discusses the various intraoral delivery methods, the mechanisms of action, toxicity, and the limitations of this treatment.