Optimized Talaporfin-Encapsulated by Silica Nanoparticles for In-Vitro Photodynamic Therapy Against MCF-7 Cancer Cells

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a potent light-activated modality for selective and minimally invasive cancer treatment, utilizing the activation of photosensitizing agents by light to induce localized cytotoxic effects. Despite its therapeutic potential, the clinical efficiency of PDT is often limited by the inadequate delivery of photosensitizers to cancer sites due to rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. In this study, silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) were investigated as nanocarriers by encapsulation for the photosensitizer Talaporfin to enhance targeted delivery and reduce systemic toxicity. The SiNPs were synthesized and characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to confirm their morphology and size distribution. The photodynamic efficacy of both naked and Talaporfin-encapsulated SiNPs was evaluated in vitro against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. A series of cytotoxicity assays were conducted at varying concentrations and red laser irradiation intensities (∼110 mW/cm²) to determine optimal treatment parameters. The Talaporfin-encapsulated by SiNPs exhibited markedly superior therapeutic performance, achieving approximately 50% higher cellular uptake efficiency and a 45% reduction in required irradiation time compared to naked Talaporfin. These results demonstrate that SiNP-mediated delivery significantly enhances PDT outcomes through improved targeting and controlled drug release. Overall, this work highlights the potential of silica-based nanoplatforms as efficient vehicles for photosensitizer delivery in cancer phototherapy, paving the way for more effective and selective treatment modalities.