Optimization of thermal and solutal stratification in simulation of Williamson fluid with entropy generation and activation energy

A numerical study is accomplished to examine the irreversibility (entropy generation optimization) of the behavior of Williamson fluid flow with Arrhenius activation energy. Viscous dissipation, thermal and solutal stratification, nonlinear mixed convection, activation energy, and thermal radiation are considered in mathematical modeling. The main attention here is paid to computing the total entropy generation rate. It is observed that influential variable parameters like the Brinkman number, temperature difference parameter, concentration difference parameter, and diffusion parameter have a major impact on entropy generation and Bejan number. Nondimensional irreversibility is defined to fully assess the comprehensive impacts of heat flux and mass flow rate. The obtained result shows that the entropy generation rate strongly depends on the mass flow rate and heat flux. Furthermore, the velocity and temperature gradients are numerically computed and discussed.