Numerical study of melting effect with entropy generation minimization in flow of carbon nanotubes

Optimization of entropy generation in squeezing flow of carbon nanotubes is addressed. Nanoparticles consist of single- and multiple-walled carbon nanotubes. Heat transfer subject to melting effect is employed. Shooting technique along with the fifth-order Runge–Kutta algorithm (bvp4c) is employed for the simulation. Bejan number, entropy generation rate, velocity and temperature are studied. Nusselt number and skin friction are also discussed. Velocity intensifies for higher estimations of squeezing parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction and melting parameter, while it reduces the temperature of fluid. Nusselt number enhances with an increment in estimations of squeezing parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction and melting parameter. Rate of entropy production decays with higher nanoparticle volume fraction and squeezing parameter. Bejan number is an increasing function of squeezing parameter, while it decays with an increment in melting parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction. Furthermore, prominent behavior is shown by multiple-walled CNTs.