Network Analysis Identifies T-Type Voltage-Sensitive Calcium Channels, Kainate Receptors and cAMP Signalling Regulators as Potential Mediators Linking the Pathophysiology of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Dementia

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a challenging mental health condition marked by intrusive thoughts and repetitive actions intended to reduce anxiety or prevent potential harm. Dementia encompasses a range of degenerative brain conditions distinguished by diminished cognitive abilities, memory impairment and challenges in everyday activities. Clinical data suggests a probable association between OCD and dementia, with individuals exhibiting obsessive–compulsive symptoms showing higher risk of developing dementia, like Alzheimer′s disease. However, the underlying mechanisms linking the two conditions are largely unknown. This in silico network analysis is aimed at understanding the common molecular determinants underlying the pathophysiology of OCD and dementia. For this purpose, genome-wide association study (GWAS) databases were used to identify the genes involved in the pathogeneses of both conditions. Subsequent network analyses of the common genes found to be altered in OCD and dementia was performed to identify potential shared biological pathways and their pathophysiological implications. Our findings indicated significant pathway enrichment and common dysregulated gene modules in both diseases, indicating potential convergence spots for targeted therapeutic approaches. In particular, T-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, kainate receptors and cAMP signalling regulators were recognized as key mediators linking the pathophysiology of OCD and dementia. Although further experimental data is warranted, our gene set enrichment analysis results may aid in understanding the pathophysiology of these disorders, particularly in cases where they coexist. Further, hub genes linking the two conditions constitute hypothesis-generating leads and promising targets for experimental validation aimed at tackling the intricately interlinked aetiology of dementia and OCD.