Nanopharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics

Nanopharmacology is a relatively newer branch of pharmacology that investigates the interaction of nanomedicine with the living system at the nanoscale level. Nanopharmacology involves the application of nanoparticles to improve the efficacy or pharmacokinetics of drugs at their target site and to minimize their side effects. The ultimate goal of nanomedicine is to achieve robust targeted delivery of complex assemblies that contain a sufficient amount of multiple therapeutic and diagnostic agents for highly localized drugs. Pharmacotherapeutics is a branch of medicine, biology, and pharmaceutical science concerned with drug or medication action. It is a study of drugs, it has man-made, natural, (or) endogenous molecules that exert the biochemical (or) physiological effect of any cells, tissues, (or) organ drugs may be treated. Pharmacotherapeutics is the use of drugs for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. In medicine, a sign, symptom, or medical condition that leads to the recommendation of a treatment, test, or procedure. Nanomaterials are suitable for pharmaceutical applications primarily because of their size which facilitates the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the nanoparticles. The main goal of nanomaterial is to deliver drugs to the target area. Nanomaterials may be expected to find application in the cardiovascular, as well as, renal arena, shortly. This book chapter aims to explain advanced pharmacological uses of different classes of nanoparticles, with an illustration of fundamental concepts in pharmacology, route of administration, interaction within the body pharmacotherapeutic of the nanoparticles, mechanism of action, potential drug delivery systems, and also the toxicity of nanoparticles.