Nanomedicine and epigenome: Possible health risks, benefits, and future perspectives

In order to create nanodrugs with greater efficacy and safety, the developing area of nanomedicine utilizes an understanding of nanotechnology, pharmaceuticals, material science, and biomedical research. The widespread use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in many different industries raises the possibility of human exposure and entails a significant risk of nanotoxicity. As a result, a thorough risk evaluation of these ENMs is urgently required for toxicological profiling response, namely in biomedical and biosensor settings. As a nongenotoxic method of malicious stimulated health effects, epigenetic alterations are now understood to be a possible main factor in the onset and progression of several disorders such as cancer. In the development of a traditional risk assessment, several difficulties emerged, including uncertainty regarding the relationship between ENM toxicity and physiochemical properties, the complexity of the dose-response relationship, and the measurement of ENM exposure levels, which can present challenges in their extrapolation and assessment. This chapter examines the relationship between personalized medicine, nanomedicine, and epigenetics and provides a summary of the most recent research on the subject of potential epigenetic toxicity.