Microbiome in Inflammatory Lung Diseases: Challenges and Future Prospects

The human microbiome is broadly recognized to have a crucial role in various bodily mechanisms that impact immunological homeostasis, inflammation, and metabolic activity. A recent study has revealed about the presence of commensal microbiome in mucosal surface of human body. The gut microbiome has extensively researched its role in controlling host metabolism or alterations in various disease states. There is a knowledge gap about the bacteria that live on mucosal surfaces. Unfortunately, there is currently a scarcity of scientific data on the involvement of lung microbiota in pulmonary illnesses. Previously lungs were considered as a sterile organ, and lung illnesses were usually accompanied mostly by bacterial pathogenesis. Emerging research suggests microbiomes in respiratory tracts both the upper and lower along with their importance in respiratory diseases. The current discusses the possibility of microbial disturbance about several lung illnesses in this book chapter. (e.g., Asthma, COPD, Pneumonia, Viral infection). Such disorders may be related to metabolic and biochemical stress. The book chapter also aims to emphasize the microbiome’s function in lung illnesses using data from classical microbiology and microbiome literature.