Melting heat and viscous dissipation in flow of hybrid nanomaterial: a numerical study via finite difference method

Hybrid nanomaterial flowing through Darcy–Forchheimer (D–C) porous medium bounded between two infinite parallel walls is considered in this analysis. The lower wall is fixed and stretchable, while the upper wall moves (squeezes) toward lower one. Cattaneo–Christov (C–C) heat flux is addressed instead of traditional Fourier’s heat flux. Further lower wall is subjected to melting heat. Viscous dissipation accounts heat transport features. Hybrid nanomaterial is constructed through dispersion of both GO (Grapheneoxide) and Cu (Copper) nanoparticles in the water-based liquid. Mathematical formulation in form of PDEs is done. Resulting PDEs are then non-dimensionalized via choosing suitable variables. Numerical technique namely FDM (finite difference method) through FD (forward difference) approximations is executed for these PDEs in order to construct the solutions. Moreover, the velocities and temperature are expressed graphically through involved physical parameters. Velocity of hybrid nanofluid (GO + Cu + Water) enhances with higher estimations of squeezing parameter and Reynolds number while it reduces with an increment in Forchheimer number and porosity parameter. Reduction in temperature of hybrid nanofluid (GO + Cu + Water) is noticed against larger melting parameter while it boosts for higher squeezing parameter and Eckert number.