Magnetohydrodynamic Three-Dimensional Flow of Nanofluid by a Porous Shrinking Surface

This study investigates the steady three-dimensional flow of viscous nanofluid past a permeable shrinking surface with velocity slip and temperature jump. An incompressible fluid fills the porous space. The fluid is electrically conducting in the presence of an applied magnetic field. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations by similarity transformations. The analytic solutions are presented in series form by the homotopy analysis method. Convergence of the obtained series solutions is explicitly discussed. The velocity and temperature profiles are shown and analyzed for different emerging parameters of interest. It is observed that by increasing the volume of copper nanoparticles, the thermal conductivity increases and the boundary layer thickness decreases. The velocity profile increases and temperature profile decreases for the larger velocity slip parameter. The temperature is a decreasing function of the thermal slip parameter. Hence, less heat is transferred to the fluid from the sheet.