Linking Salivary Calbindin-D28k to Oral Health Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease

Objective Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a universal health concern, with CBD- 28k (calbindin-D28k) being 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-dependent calcium-binding protein, playing a role in kidney function. Renal dialysis may alter calbindin-D28k levels, impacting oral health and periodontal health. Understanding these impacts is crucial for managing CKD. This study aimed to explore the potential of salivary calbindin-D28k as a predictor of oral health in subjects with CKD. Materials and Methods This case–control study involved 200 individuals aged 24 to 77 years, out of which 100 were undergoing CKD treatment. Biochemical parameters were recorded, and unstimulated saliva samples were collected. Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth and periodontal scores were noted after clinical examination. Salivary calbindin-D28k level was estimated by immunosorbent assay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). A two-tailed test of p-value of < 0.05 was used to determine statistics. Results Demographic parameters showed a significant age and gender difference between the groups. Significant variation in the level of hematological and biochemical parameters between the groups was observed. Renal function test and liver function test levels varied significantly in CKD patients. Notable difference in the level of salivary calbindin-D28k levels and periodontal scores revealed poor oral health. The best cutoff value for calbindin-D28k was obtained from the receiver operating characteristic curve indicating a risk of poor oral health in CKD subjects. Additionally, salivary calbindinD28k levels and oral health showed significant association and correlation. Conclusion The current research findings suggest that monitoring salivary calbindinD28k levels could serve as an important predictor of oral health in CKD subjects highlighting the importance of complete oral health management in subjects with CKD.