Ionizing and nonionizing radiation linked to lung cancer

This book chapter aims to explore the relationship between ionizing and nonionizing radiation and lung cancer. The interaction between radiation types and the cellular and genetic level is discussed in this context, leading to possible carcinogenesis. In this respect, there is a plethora of evidence supporting the association between ionizing radiation that damages the DNA molecule directly or destroys paternal structures and the increased risk of lung cancer. Thus this chapter discusses the epidemiological evidence and provides the example of atomic bomb survivors and radiotherapy patients where the dose-related risks are described. As for nonionizing radiation, including radiation related to mobile phones and other RF-EMF-emitting sources, the evidence for lung cancer origin is limited. Despite the lack of ionization capability, scientists propose long-term biological effects due to possible mechanisms, including thermal and oxidative stress. Thus the findings of this chapter, the ongoing debates, and the limitations of the research methodology on the potential effects of nonionizing radiation are used. Moreover, the chapter describes potential recommendations for radiation exposure, possible implications of the novel technology, and directions for further research. Thus this synthesis may help readers understand the risk of radiation exposure prevention measures that can decrease it and imply them while creating policies and regulations to prevent radiation-induced lung cancer.