Intriguing Insights into Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids (MAAs), Chemical Complexity, Distinctive Identification and its Biomedical Applications

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), renowned for their low molecular weight and water-soluble nature, demonstrate the capability to absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation across the wavelength spectrum spanning from 310 to 365 nm. These compounds are notably accumulated by a diverse array of organisms, including marine macroalgae, corals, and various marine life forms, as well as prokaryotic cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microorganisms such as yeasts, fungi, and microalgae. It is widely acknowledged that MAAs serve as protective agents, functioning effectively as natural sunscreens to shield against the deleterious effects of high levels of UV radiation. A growing body of evidence suggests that Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) may assume diverse roles. For example, they might potentially serve as antioxidant molecules, efficiently scavenging harmful oxygen radicals. Furthermore, MAAs have been observed to amass as compatible osmolytes in response to salt stress, desiccation, or thermal stress, and in some organisms, these conditions can incite the formation of MAAs. Additionally, these compounds may function as a reservoir for cellular nitrogen. This article will delve into intriguing discoveries regarding Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids (MAAs), exploring their biomedical significance, intricate chemistry, and distinctive identification features.