Insights into the Temperature Parameters from K*⁰ Spectrum in Nuclear Particle Collisions at the Relativistic High-Energy Collider Beam Energies

The blast-wave model with Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics is used to examine the transverse momentum spectra of (Formula presented.) mesons generated at the Relativistic High-Energy Collider (RHIC) Beam Energies with mid-rapidity ((Formula presented.)) in symmetric (Formula presented.) collisions. There is a clear correlation between the extracted kinetic freeze-out temperature ((Formula presented.)) and transverse flow velocity ((Formula presented.)) in various collision centralities and center-of-mass energies ((Formula presented.)). Since a larger initial energy density delays freeze-out and a shorter system lifetime limits cooling, (Formula presented.) is directly proportional to both (Formula presented.) and peripheral collisions. On the other hand, (Formula presented.) drops in peripheral symmetric collisions due to weaker collective expansion, while it rises with (Formula presented.) because of larger pressure gradients. The concurrence between the thermal and collective energy components in the expanding fireball is reflected in the obvious anti-correlation between (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.). These findings support hydrodynamic predictions and offer important new information about QGP’s freeze-out behavior.