Impact of Material Composition and Surface Finish on the Bending Strength of Ultrasonic Irrigant Activation Tips

This study evaluated the design, surface finish, alloy composition, and bending strength of three ultrasonic tips—Ultra X Silver, Gold, and Blue—used for irrigant activation. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and bending strength tests, 30 ultrasonic tips were analysed. SEM revealed a flat, non-active tip design for all tips, with Ultra X Silver having the smoothest surface and Ultra X Gold the most irregular. EDS showed that Ultra X Silver was made of a titanium–aluminium alloy, while Ultra X Gold and Ultra X Blue were stainless steel. In bending strength tests, Ultra X Silver demonstrated the highest flexibility (315.3 gf), while Ultra X Gold had the lowest (474.5 gf). Statistical analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in flexibility, surface characteristics, and composition. Ultra X Silver's smoother surface and titanium alloy enhance flexibility, ideal for curved canals, whereas Ultra X Gold offers durability but less flexibility.