Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles using Vaccinium Subg. Oxycoccus for Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Cytotoxic Effect

This study elucidates the synthesis and multifaceted applications of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) utilizing Vaccinium subg. Oxycoccus extract as a green and sustainable methodology. The UV-visible spectroscopy analysis demonstrated the successful synthesis of SeNPs, characterized by a distinct absorption peak at 380 nm. The antioxidant activities of Vaccinium subg. Oxycoccus-mediated SeNPs were systematically evaluated through three assays. The DPPH assay revealed concentration-dependent radical scavenging activities, surpassing the standard (ascorbic acid) at higher concentrations. Additionally, the Hydrogen Peroxide assay showcased commendable antioxidant properties, while the FRAP assay indicated a concentration-dependent capacity to reduce ferric ions, suggesting potential in counteracting oxidative stress. Inhibition of protein denaturation was examined using the BSA assay, revealing a significant inhibitory effect of Vaccinium subg. Oxycoccus-mediated SeNPs that increased with concentration. Denaturation studies, employing the Egg Albumin Denaturation Assay, displayed a concentration-dependent rise in denaturation percentages, either matching or exceeding the standard's anti-inflammatory activity. The Membrane Stabilization Assay illustrated the concentration-dependent enhancement of membrane stability by SeNPs, exhibiting efficacy comparable to or exceeding the standard. Cytotoxicity assessment through the Brine Shrimp lethality assay demonstrated a concentration-dependent decline in brine shrimp nauplii viability, suggesting a potential cytotoxic impact of Vaccinium subg. Oxycoccus-mediated SeNPs. These findings collectively underscore the diverse applications of SeNPs synthesized with Vaccinium subg. Oxycoccus extract, ranging from antioxidant activities and membrane stabilization to potential cytotoxic effects, lays the groundwork for their versatile application in biological and medicinal contexts.