Gender representation in the Arabic language textbook for the ninth grade approved by the Ministry of Education for use in schools in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the gender representation in the Arabic language textbook for the ninth grade in UAE. The criteria examined include the ratio of gender (female to male) appearances, the ratio of gender (female to male) aspects of religious and historical, educational professional, social and family, the traditional, the language used in the evaluation questions, titles of address for women, and order of mention. To examine these factors, the manual method of analysis was adopted. The findings revealed that the bias in favor of males is still prevalent, as the phenomenon of males-first—referring to the secondary status of women—is evident in the textbook examined. However, the findings also reveal the common use of the neutral title Ms to address women. Thus, it is recommended to correct gender representation in the textbooks used in educational settings to ensure fair gender representation in educational materials.