Formaldehyde and lung cancer

The chemical molecule formaldehyde (FA) is widely utilized in both industrial and domestic items. Because of its possible carcinogenic effects, especially with regard to lung cancer, it has received a lot of attention. Exposure to FA at work has been linked to an elevated risk of lung cancer, according to epidemiological research. This risk is highest in areas, including embalming, manufacturing, and healthcare. Moreover, lung cancer growth has been linked to environmental exposure to FA from sources such as tobacco smoke, indoor air pollution, and certain construction materials. Through mechanistic investigations, several carcinogenic pathways resulting from FA exposure in the lung have been clarified. These pathways include DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, it is becoming more well-acknowledged how gene-environment interactions and genetic susceptibility factors affect the development of lung cancer linked to FA. Furthermore, new research is being done on treatment approaches for lung cancer linked to FA, such as immunotherapy, chemoprevention, and targeted medicines. This review emphasizes the complexity of the relationship between FA and lung cancer and the need for ongoing research to guide policy changes, preventative measures, and treatment approaches targeted at lowering the incidence of lung cancer caused by FA.