Fabrication progress of selective and durable Ni²⁺-doped Ag₃PO₄ for visible-light degradation of various textile dyes

Pure and nickel-doped silver phosphate nanoparticles (Ni-AP) with different Ni²⁺ contents (i.e. 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30%) were achieved by co-precipitation strategy. several analytical tools were used for materials characterization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) helped determine grain size, dislocation density, and lattice strain. Energy gap was evaluated with diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The morphological structure was shown through Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All these data affirmed Ni-doped Ag₃PO₄ synthesis. Various organic textile dyes including Levafix Brilliant Red dye (E-4BA), Remazol Black dye (RB5) and Reactive Orange 96 (RO96) were subjected for visible photocatalysis in presence of the prepared Ni-AP. The reaction was followed using a UV–vis spectrophotometer. 10% Ni-AP sample had the most suitable morphology due to Ni²⁺ dispersed uniformly over the Ag₃PO₄ surface. Photodegradation took place under various experimental conditions such as (effect of Ni²⁺ doping, H₂O₂, and pH of the medium). This study boosts promising visible photocatalysts with high efficiency for different kinds of dyes.