Excitation Function of Freeze-Out Parameters in Symmetric Nucleus–Nucleus and Proton–Proton Collisions at the Same Collision Energy

We analyze the transverse momentum ((Formula presented.)) spectra of (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), p, (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.) or (Formula presented.) in different centrality intervals in gold–gold (Au–Au) and lead–lead (Pb–Pb) symmetric collisions at 200 GeV and 2.76 TeV, respectively, by Tsallis–Pareto-type function. Proton–proton collisions at the same centre of mass energies are also analyzed for these particles to compare the results obtained from these systems. The present work extracts the effective temperature T, non-extensivity parameter (Formula presented.), the mean transverse momentum spectra ((Formula presented.)), the multiplicity parameter ((Formula presented.)), kinetic freeze-out temperature ((Formula presented.)) and transverse flow velocity ((Formula presented.)). We reported a plateau structure of (Formula presented.), T, (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.) and q in central collisions. Beyond the plateau region, the excitation function of all the above parameters decreases towards the periphery, except q, which has a reverse trend. The multiplicity parameter is also extracted, which is found to be decreasing towards the periphery from the central collisions. In addition, we observed that the excitation function of pp collisions is nearly the same to that of the most peripheral symmetric nucleus–nucleus collisions at the same colliding energy. Throughout the analyses, the same multiplicity parameters for particles and their antiparticles have been reported, which show the symmetric production of particles and their antiparticles.