Evaluating Micro-computed Tomography in Dental Implant Osseointegration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Rationale and Objectives: The success of dental implants is heavily dependent on the implant's efficient integration with the surrounding bone, a process known as osseointegration. This integration is influenced by a range of individual characteristics of each patient, as well as the accuracy of diagnostic imaging techniques. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is capable of capturing detailed three-dimensional images with high resolution. It may offer superior capabilities for assessing the connections between bones and implants compared to older techniques such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral radiography. This systematic review will discuss the uses of micro-CT in dental implant osseointegration, compare it to other radiography methods, and discuss it's effect on patients, especially those with previous history of periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: This research performed an extensive search across multiple databases, choosing papers based on specific criteria for inclusion and exclusion. The study focus was on using micro-CT to evaluate bone osseointegration. Meta-analyses were conducted to measure the impact of micro-CT on bone loss and the success rates of implants, while comparing various surgical procedures and depths of implantation. This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42023482747. Results: The result of this study comprised 28 papers, incorporating a meta-analysis of 8. It emphasized the exceptional spatial resolution of micro-CT, which enables accurate assessments of bone volume and density, crucial factors for implant success. Micro-CT, when compared to CBCT and intraoral radiography, provides more comprehensive information, but it faces limitations due to its elevated expenses and radiation exposure. The analysis also indicated that micro-CT could be particularly advantageous in tailored therapy planning, particularly for patients with impaired conditions. Systemic factors like diabetes or periodontal disease can cause bone conditions. Conclusion: Micro-CT is a highly advanced imaging technique that offers extensive information about dental implants, which is essential for evaluating osseointegration. Although micro-CT has several limitations, it has the capacity to improve clinical outcomes by providing more accurate diagnoses and tailored implant techniques. Subsequent investigations should focus on assessing its cost-effectiveness and establishing protocols to mitigate radiation exposure.