Entropy analysis for radiative ternary hybrid nanofluids with heterogeneous-homogeneous reactions

Here intention is to examine magnetohydrodynamic flow for ternary-hybrid nanofluids by nonlinear curved stretched surface. Flow through porous media is governed by Darcy-Forchheimer relation. Convective heat transfer condition is addressed. Heat expression comprises radiation, heat generation/absorption and Ohmic heating. Further presence of entropy generation and homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions are discussed. Nonlinear system is computed through MATLAB (Bvp4c). Consequence of influential variables for temperature, entropy generation, concentration and liquid flow are explored graphically. Comparison of nanomaterial (GO/H₂O), hybrid-nanomaterial (GO+Cu/H₂O), ternary nanomaterial (GO+Cu+ZnO/H₂O) is arranged. Computational values for thermal transport rate and coefficient of skin friction are organized. The considered study holds significance for machining lubricants, hyperthermia cancer therapy, climate control systems, crystal growth, wire and glass fiber drawing, MHD pumps, modifications of metals and renewable energy processes. Key findings show that velocity decays against magnetic variable. Entropy rate and thermal field enhanced for radiation variable. Velocity and drag force coefficient reduce for porosity variable. Magnetic effect improved entropy rate and temperature. An increase in temperature against heat generation variable holds. Concentration decays through heterogeneous reaction variable. Entropy enhanced for diffusion variable. Magnetic effect and Forchheimer number reduce drag force coefficient.