Efficacy of nonsurgical periodontal therapy affecting salivary biomarkers in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic periodontitis patients. An observational study

Objectives: To assess the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on salivary biomarkers in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic periodontitis patients and to investigate if saliva may be used to monitor glucose levels in type 2 diabetes. Material and methods: 250 participants with chronic generalized periodontitis aged 35–70 years were divided into two groups: test group with type 2 diabetes (125 subjects with 64 males & 61 females) and control group with non-diabetic (125 subjects with 83 males & 42 females). Participants received non-surgical periodontal treatment. Pre-NSPT and 6-week post-NSPT saliva glucose, amylase, total protein, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured. Intergroup correlations were assessed using Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient and paired t-test. Results: Non-surgical periodontal therapy significantly decreased CRP (p < 0.05) in diabetics and non-diabetics. CRP mean values changes from baseline 1.79 to post op 1.5 and baseline 1.5 to post-op 1.24 in males and females of test group, respectively. In control group males and females, mean values change from baseline 1.48 to post-op 1.42 and 1.499 to 1.40. Other parameters Glucose, amylase & total protein showed improvement in the level, but statistically non-significant (p > 0.05). Salivary glucose levels corresponded favorably with HbA1C levels. Conclusion: In individuals with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic generalized chronic periodontitis, non-surgical periodontal therapy may play a role in lowering the level of significant salivary biomarkers. Saliva can be utilized as a non-invasive approach for monitoring glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis.