Dissolving microneedles for brain delivery: Recent advances and challenges

Over the past decade, dissolving microneedles (DMNs) have emerged as a promising approach for drug delivery to the brain. They are tiny devices designed to penetrate biological barriers, offering a painless method for localized and controlled drug delivery. They are suitable for delivering drugs that are susceptible to degradation when delivered orally. Recently, drug-loaded DMNs have been explored for treating neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). DMNs can deliver drugs efficiently to the brain via the intranasal, transdermal, and intracranial routes. In this review, we discuss the use of DMNs for delivering drugs to the brain, recent technological advances, clinical status, and current challenges related to their translation.