Design of a Novel Plasmonic Sensor for the Determination of Uric Acid Concentration with Ultra-High Figure of Merit

High uric acid levels in humans are associated with critical health conditions such as kidney failure, gout, heart diseases, arthritis, and various physiological disorders. In order to detect uric acid, this study presents a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor that combines blue phosphorene (BlueP), Ag, indium tin oxide (ITO), graphene, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) in an inventive hybrid architecture. The BlueP/TMDCs composite is the interactive layer with the target substance, boosting the sensor’s performance. We thoroughly evaluated detection precision, figure of merit (FOM), sensitivity, full-width half maximum (FWHM), and other important performance measures, with an emphasis on detection and figure of merit (FOM) optimization. The goal was to achieve an exceptionally high FOM for the biosensor. Preliminary findings revealed a notable FOM of 105.50 RIU-1, which significantly increased to 2638.29 RIU-1 after refining the layer thicknesses, indicating an outstandingly high value. This exceptional FOM underscores the potential of the developed SPR-based biosensor for extensive application in biosensing technology.