Decoding financial performance of US-listed entities: A sectoral exploration of input efficiency amid stochastic volatility

This study explores the complex relationship between firm efficiency and stochastic volatility, focusing on how firms utilise inputs to generate sales and the impact of financial shocks on efficiency levels. Utilising a dataset of 476 U.S. firms across 23 sectors from 2010 to 2022, it integrates stochastic volatility into efficiency analysis, treating volatility as an evolving, unobserved process diverging from traditional methods. The research classifies sectors into various efficiency performance categories based on their response to economic fluctuations. Findings show divergent patterns across sectors, with some exhibiting consistent efficiency and others facing erratic performance due to market and technological changes. This analysis provides valuable insights into sectoral adaptability and resilience in fluctuating economic conditions, offering strategic implications for managers and policymakers.