Darcy–Forchheimer squeezed flow of carbon nanotubes with thermal radiation

In this study, we analyze the squeezing flow of water-based carbon nanotubes as a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium with thermal radiation. The Xue model is used for nanoliquid transport phenomena. The nonlinear Darcy–Forchheimer expression is considered. Results are obtained and compared for single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Appropriate transformations are employed to obtain nonlinear ordinary differential system. The nonlinear system obtained is solved for convergent solutions. Graphs are produced to examine the effects of emerging flow variables on the velocity and temperature. Numerical computations are performed to analyze the skin friction coefficients and local Nusselt numbers. Moreover, we show that the skin friction coefficients and local Nusselt numbers are enhanced at the lower and upper walls for larger values of the nanoparticle volume fraction.