Couple Stress Effects on Three Dimensional Flow of Magnetite–Water Based Nanofluid Over an Extended Surface in Presence of Non-linear Thermal Radiation

The present study discloses the three dimensional flow and heat transfer of water-based nanofluid tempted by an extendable surface subject to the effects of couple stress and thermal radiation. Fe ₃ O ₄ nanoparticles in water-based couple stress nanofluid are considered. The consequence of nonlinear thermal radiation is sought. Using appropriate similarity transformations, governing partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations and these equations are solved numerically by means of shooting technique with the assistance of Runge–Kutta method. Effects of controlling parameters on velocity, temperature, local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are discussed in detail. It is observed that fluid velocities decrease due to increase in couple stress parameter and also with the rise in nanoparticle volume fraction. Thickness of thermal boundary layer increases with the rise in couple stress parameter.