Chemical substances linked to lung cancer

A major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, lung cancer, is closely linked to chemical exposures from environmental and occupational sources. Lung carcinogenesis due to tobacco smoke, asbestos, radon gas heavy metals, and industrial pollutants is largely ascribed to complex biological processes such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and epigenetic changes. As a result of advances in toxicological research, this chapter identified key biomarkers that can facilitate the early detection and personalized treatment strategy, including DNA adducts, circulating tumor DNA, and microRNAs. New advances in screening techniques, such as low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) and liquid biopsy along with artificial intelligence have increased diagnostic accuracy and lowered mortality. Chemically induced lung cancer can be managed by targeted therapies, such as EGFR inhibitors, immunotherapy, and combination treatments that target specific molecular pathways. In this chapter, we further elaborate on the epidemiological evidence for chemical substances and lung carcinogenesis, prevention strategies, and emerging therapeutic interventions. Achieving a complete approach to decrease the global burden of lung cancer is possible by bringing together the latest in research, policy, and broad public awareness, set on a path to improve patient outcomes and a healthier future.